Men's fertility may be negatively impacted by cancer or its treatment, including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery, which can harm the testes and other male reproductive organs. This may prevent the creation of sperm, hormones like testosterone, and proper sexual function, resulting in a decrease in libido. In addition, erection or ejaculation may be challenging due to pelvic nerve and blood vessel damage brought on by cancer or cancer treatment.

Reproductive health may be impacted by cancer treatment. But not every cancer patient will experience fertility issues after therapy. Both men and women who get certain cancer treatments experience irreversible infertility. The quantity of eggs in the ovaries may decrease as a result of some therapies, while the production of sperm in males may stop or be slowed down. Chemotherapy can cause temporary or permanent menopause and be harmful to ovarian function. Radiation therapy to the pelvic area may also have an impact on ovarian function.

Although fertility may be impacted by cancer therapy, this is inevitable because the main objectives of these treatments are to treat cancer and save lives. Before beginning cancer treatment, cancer patients who are interested in raising a family should receive advice on and weigh the pros and cons of fertility preservation. For preserving fertility, freezing sperm, eggs, or embryos is an excellent choice. Young girls with cancer may now have access to ovarian tissue freezing.